Poland

The consequences for Europe of doing nothing to the increase of extreme sea levels are hundreds of billions of Euros damage per year by 2100. Extra cost-effective protection reduces this risk by 95%.

In Poland, mortality is generally highest in winter and lowest in summer. However, heat waves may increase the number of fatalities such that summer mortality equals or exceeds winter mortality.

Global warming will change the tree species composition of European forests towards trees that store less carbon. This may turn these forests into a carbon source and thus reinforce global warming.

In Central Europe heat waves will probably occur twice as often in the coming decades compared with previous decades. For the end of this century 2-4 heat waves are expected per summer.

Impacts of future sea level rise and storm surges on the Polish coastal zone may be much less than previous studies indicated. And so are adaptation costs to strengthen coastal flood defences.

In the Carpathian Region, heat wave events have become more frequent, longer, more severe and intense over the period 1961 - 2010, in particular in summer

Extreme storm surge heights likely will show a small increase toward the coasts of the German Bight with stronger changes along the North Frisian Islands ...