Skip to content

Ireland

References

ACIA, 2004. Impacts of a warming Arctic. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 140 pp.

Alcamo, J., J.M. Moreno, B. Nováky, M. Bindi, R. Corobov, R.J.N. Devoy, C. Giannakopoulos, E. Martin, J.E. Olesen, A. Shvidenko, 2007: Europe. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 541-580.

Anderson, J. (ed.), 2007. Climate change-induced water stress and its impact on natural and managed ecosystems. Report European Parliament IP/A/CLIM/ST/2007.06.

Bakkenes, M., Alkemade, J.R.M., Ihle, F., Leemans, R. and J.B. Latour, 2002. Assessing effects of forecasted climate change on the diversity and distribution of European higher plants for 2050. Global Change Biology 8: 390-407.

Barriopedro, D., Fischer, E.M., Luterbacher, J., Trigo, R.M. and R. García-Herrera, 2011. The hot summer of 2010: Redrawing the temperature record map of Europe. Science 332: 220-224.

Battisti, A., Statsmy, M., Schopf, A., Roques, A., Robinet, C. and A. Larsson, 2005. Expansion of geographical range in the pine processionary month caused by increased winter temperature. Ecological Applications 15: 2084-2094.

Beaugrand, G. and P.C. Reid, 2003. Long-term changes in phytoplankton, zooplankton and salmon related to climate. Global Change Biology 9: 801-817.

Behrens, A., Georgiev, A. and M. Carraro, 2010. Future impacts of climate change across Europe. Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) Working Document No. 324/February 2010.

Bender, M.A., Knutson, T.R., Tuleya, R.E., Sirutis, J.J., Vecchi, G.A., Garner, S.T. and I. M. Held. 2010. Modeled Impact of Anthropogenic Warming on the Frequency of Intense Atlantic Hurricanes. Science 327: 454 – 458.

Beniston, M., 2004. The 2003 heat wave in Europe: a shape of things to come? Geophysical Research Letters 31: L02202.

Beniston, M., Stephenson, D.B., Christensen, O.B., Ferro, C.A.T., Frei, C., Goyette, S., Halsnaes, K., Holt, T., Jylhä, K., Koffi, B., Palutikof, J., Schöll, R., Semmler, T. en K. Woth, 2007. Future extreme events in European climate: an exploration of regional climate model projections. Climate Change 81: 71-95.

Blenkinsop, S. and H. J. Fowler, 2007. Changes in European drought characteristics projected by the PRUDENCE regional climate models. International Journal of Climatology 27: 1595–1610.

Boisvenue, C. and S.W. Running, 2006. Impacts of climate change on natural forest productivity: evidence since the middle of the 20th century. Global Change Biology 12: 862-882.

Bosello, F., Nicholls, R.J., Richards, J., Roson, R. and R. S. J. Tol, 2012. Economic impacts of climate change in Europe: sea-level rise. Climatic Change 112: 63–81.

Boudou, M., ÓhAiseadha, C., Garvey, P., O’Dwyer, J. and P. Hynds, 2021. Flood hydrometeorology and gastroenteric infection: The Winter 2015–2016 flood event in the Republic of Ireland. Journal of Hydrology 599, 126376, doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126376.

Cazenave, A., Dieng, H.-B., Meyssignac, B., Von Schuckmann, K., Decharme, B. and E. Berthier, 2014. The rate of sea-level rise. Nature 4: 358-361.

Chmielewski, F.M. and T. Rotzer, 2001. Response of tree phenology to climate change across Europe. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 108: 101-112.

Coffey, R., Benham, B., Wolfe, M.L., Dorai-Raj, S., Bhreathnach, N., O’Flaherty, V., Cormican, M.  and  E. Cummins, 2016. Sensitivity of streamflow and microbial water quality to future climate and land use change in the West of Ireland. Regional Environmental Change 16: 2111–2128. 

Coll,  J., Bourke, D., Sheeh Skeffington, M., Gormally, M. and J. Sweeney, 2014. Projected loss of active blanket bogs in Ireland. Climate Research 59: 103–115.

Commission of the European Communities, 2007. Addressing the challenge of water scarcity and droughts in the European Union. COM(2007) 414.

Cooper, J.A.G. and S.W. Boyd, 2011. Climate change and coastal tourism in Ireland. In: Jones and Phillips (eds), Disappearing destinations: 125-143.

Cooper, A. Ireland, 2013. In: Pranzini and Williams (eds), Coastal erosion and protection in Europe, Routledge, Oxon, pp. 209-226.

Cotton, P.A., 2003. Avian migration phenology and global climate change. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences USA 100: 12219-12222.

Coumou, D. and S. Rahmstorf, 2012. A decade of weather extremes. Nature Climate Change 2: 491-496.

Council of the European Union, 2007. Precidency Conclusions. Brussels, 2 May 2007, 7224/1/07.

Dawson, T.P., Jackson, S.T., House, J.I., Colin Prentice, I. and G. M. Mace, 2011. Beyond predictions: Biodiversity conservation in a changing climate. SCIENCE 332: 53-58.

Della-Marta, P. M., Haylock, M.R., Luterbacher, J. and H. Wanner, 2007. Doubled length of western European summer heat waves since 1880. Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 112 (11 pp), D15103, doi:10.1029/2007JD008510.

Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, 2007. Ireland - National Climate Change Strategy 2007-2012

Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government. Ireland’s Third National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 79 pp.

Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, 2010. Ireland’s Fifth National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 119 pp.

Deutsche Bank Research, 2008. Climate change and tourism: Where will the journey lead? Energy and climate change Current Issues, 28 pp.

Devoy, R.J.N., 2008. Coastal Vulnerability and the Implications of Sea-Level Rise for Ireland. Journal of Coastal Research 24: 325-341.

De Vries, H., Haarsma, R.J. and W. Hazeleger, 2012. Western European cold spells in current and future climate. Geophysical Research Letters 39, L04706, doi:10.1029/2011GL050665.

Domonkos, P. et al., 2020. Precipitation trends in the island of Ireland using a dense, homogenized, observational dataset. International Journal of Climatology 40: 6458-6472.

Donnelly, A., 2018. Climate change: potential implications for Ireland’s biodiversity. International Journal of Biometeorology 62: 1221-1228.

Edward and O’ Sullivan 2009. Climate change, heritage and tourism: Implications for Ireland’s coast and inland waterways. A vulnerability assessment of Ireland’s coastal archaeological heritage. Summary document, 12 pp.

Eisenreich, 2005. Climate Change and the European Water Dimension. A report to the European Water Directors 2005. EU Report No. 21553.

Environmental Protection Agency, 2003. Climate Change: Scenarios and Impacts for Ireland. RTDI programma 2000-2006.

Environmental Protection Agency, 2005. Climate Change: Regional climate model predictions for Ireland.

Environmental Protection Agency, 2006. Implications of the EU Climate Protection Target for Ireland.

Environmental Protection Agency, 2011. BOGLAND: Sustainable management of peatlands in Ireland. Protocol Document, 24 pp.

Ericson, J.P., Vörösmarty, C.J., Dingman, S.L., Ward, L.G., and M. Meybeck, 2006. Effective sea-level rise and deltas: Causes of change and human dimension implications. Global and Planetary Change 50: 63–82.

European Commission (DG Environment), 2007. Water scarcity and droughts. Second interim report.

European Commission, 2008. Climate change and International security. Paper from the High Representative and the European Commission to the European Council. S113/08.

European Environment Agency (EEA), 2003. Mapping the impacts of recent natural disasters and technological accidents in Europe. Environmental Issues, Report No. 35, Copenhagen, Denmark, 48 pp.

European Environment Agency (EEA), 2005. Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Europe. Technical report No 7/2005.

European Environment Agency (EEA), 2009. Water resources across Europe – confronting water scarcity and drought. Technical report No 2/2009.

European Environment Agency (EEA), JRC and WHO, 2008. Impact of Europe’s changing climate – 2008 indicator-based assessment. EEA Report no 4/2008 – JRC Reference Report no. JRC47756.

European Wind Energy Association, 2011. Wind in power. 2010 European Statistics, 11 pp.

Feyen, L., Dankers, R., Bódis, K., Salamon, P. and J. Barredo, 2012. Fluvial flood risk in Europe in present and future climates. Climatic Change 112: 47–62.

Fischer, E.M. and C. Schär, 2009. European heat waves in a changing climate. Proceedings CAWCR Modelling Workshop 2009: modeling and understanding high impact weather. The Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research.

Fischer, E.M., Rajczak, J. and C. Schär, 2012. Changes in European summer temperature variability revisited. Geophysical Research Letters 39, L19702, doi:10.1029/2012GL052730.

Fischer, G., Shah, M., Tubiello, F.N. and H. van Velhuizen, 2005. Socio-economic and climate change impacts on agriculture: an integrated assessment, 1990–2080. Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences Vol. 360 (1463): 2067-2083.

Fischlin (ed.), 2009. Future environmental impacts and vulnerabilities, in: Seppälä, R.,  Buck, A. and P. Katila (eds.), 2009. Adaptation of forests and people to climate change. A global assessment report. IUFRO World Series Volume 22, Helsinki, 224 pp.

Forfás, 2010. Adaptation to climate change: issues for business. Summary Report, 28 pp.

Frei, C., Schöll, R., Fukutome, S., Schmidli, J. and P. L. Vidale, 2006. Future change of precipitation extremes in Europe: Intercomparison of scenarios from regional climate models Journal of Geophysical Research 111, D06105, doi:10.1029/2005JD005965, 2006.

Gallagher, S., Gleeson, E., Tiron, R., McGrath, R. and F. Dias, 2016. Wave climate projections for Ireland for the end of the 21st century including analysis of EC-Earth winds over the North Atlantic Ocean. International Journal of Climatology 36: 4592–4607.

German Advisory Council on Global Change (2007), World in transition: Climate change as a security risk. Summary for policy-makers.German Advisory Council on Global Change, Berlin, 13 pp.

Golombek, R., Kittelsen, S.A.C. and I. Haddeland, 2012. Climate change: impacts on electricity markets in Western Europe. Climatic Change 113: 357–370.

Gottfried, M., Pauli, H., Futschik, A., Akhalkatsi, M., Barančok, P., Benito Alons, J.L., Coldea, G., Dick, J., Erschbamer, B., Fernández Calzado, M.R., Kazakis, G., Krajči, J., Larsson, P., Mallaun, M., Michelsen, O., Moiseev, D., Moiseev, P., Molau, U., Merzouki, A., Nagy, L., Nakhutsrishvili, G., Pedersen, B., Pelino, G., Puscas, M., Rossi, G., Stanisci, A., Theurillat, J.-P., Tomaselli, M., Villar, L., Vittoz, P., Vogiatzakis, I. and G. Grabherr, 2012. Continent-wide response of mountain vegetation to climate change. Nature Climate Change 2: 111-115.

Haarsma, R. J., Hazeleger, W., Severijns, C., de Vries, H., Sterl, A. Bintanja, R., van Oldenborgh, G.J. and H. W. van den Brink, 2013. More hurricanes to hit Western Europe due to global warming. Geophysical Research Letters 40: 1783–1788.

Hajat, S., Ebi, K.L., Kovats, S., Menne, B., Edwards, S. and A. Haines, 2003. The human health consequences of flooding in Europe and the implications for public health: a review of the evidence. Applied Environmental Science and Public Health 1.

Harrison, P.A., Berry, P.M., Butt, N. and M. New, 2006: Modelling climate change impacts on species’ distributions at the European scale: implications for conservation policy. Environmental Science & Policy 9: 116-128.

Healy, M.G., 2002. The Shannon estuary wetlands complex, western Ireland: conservation and conflicts. Littoral 2002: The Changing Coast. EUROCOAST/EUCC, Porto – Portugal: 229-233.

Hinkel, J., Nicholls, R.J., Vafeidis, A.T., Tol, R.S.J. and T. Avagianou, 2010. Assessing risk of and adaptation to sea-level rise in the European Union: an application of DIVA. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 15: 703–719.

Hoegh-Guldberg, O. and J. F. Bruno, 2010. The impact of climate change on the world's marine ecosystems. Science 328: 1523-1528.

Huppop, O. and K. Huppop, 2003. North Atlantic Oscillation and timing of spring migration in birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences 270: 233-240.

Innes, J. (ed.), 2009. Management for adaptation, in: Seppälä, R.,  Buck, A. and P. Katila (eds.), 2009. Adaptation of forests and people to climate change. A global assessment report. IUFRO World Series Volume 22, Helsinki, 224 pp.

IPCC, 2000. Special report on emissions scenarios: a special report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, N. Nakicenovic and R. Swart (eds), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

IPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 976pp.

IPCC, 2012. Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, 582 pp.

IPCC, 2014. Climate Chang 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (United Kingdom) and New York (USA), 1131 pp.

Irish Academy of Engineering, 2009. Ireland at risk. Critical infrastructure. Adaptation for climate change, 36 pp.

Kirilenko, A.P. and R.A. Sedjo, 2007.Climate change impacts on forestry. PNAS vol. 104, no. 50: 19697–19702.

Kjellström, E., 2004: Recent and Future Signatures of Climate Change in Europa. Ambio, 33, 193-198.

Klein Tank, A.M.G. and G.P. Können, 2003. Trends in indices of daily temperature and precipitation extremes in Europe, 1946–1999. Journal of Climatology 16: 3665–3680.

Kundzewicz, 2006. Climate change and floods. Bulletin, the Journal of the World Meteorological Organization July 2006.

Kuusisto, K., 2004. The influence of climate change to European lakes, with a special emphasis in the Balkan Region. BALWOIS 2004, Ohrid, FY Republic of Macedonia, 25-29 May 2004, 5 pp.

Lemoine, N. and K. Bohning-Gaese, 2003. Potential impact of global climate change on species richness of long-distance migrants. Conservation Biology 17: 577-586.

Marttila, V., Granholm, H., Laanikari, J., Yrjölä, T., Aalto, A., Heikinheimo, P., Honkatukia, J., Järvinen, H., Liski, J., Merivirta, R., Paunio, M., 2005. Finland’s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland Publication 1a/2005.

Mediero, L., Santillán, D., Garrote, L. and A. Granados, 2014. Detection and attribution of trends in magnitude, frequency and timing of floods in Spain. Journal of Hydrology 517: 1072–1088.

Mediero, L., Kjeldsen, T.R., Macdonald, N., Kohnova, S., Merz, B., Vorogushyn, S., Wilson, D., Alburquerque, T., Blöschl, G., Bogdanowicz, E., Castellarin, A., Hall, J., Kobold, M., Kriauciuniene, J., Lang, M., Madsen, H., Onußsluel Gül, G., Perdigão, R.A.P., Roald, L.A., Salinas, J.L., Toumazis, A.D., Veijalainen, N. and Ó. Þórarinsson, 2015. Identification of coherent flood regions across Europe by using the longest streamflow records. Journal of Hydrology 528: 341–360. 

Meehl, G.A. and C. Tebaldi, 2004. More Intense, More Frequent, and Longer Lasting Heat Waves in the 21st Century. Science Vol. 305 (no. 5686): 994 – 997.

Menzel, A., Sparks, T.H., Estrella, N., Koch, E., Aas, A., Aha, R., Alm-Ku, K., Bissolli, P., Braslavská, O., Briede, A., Chmielewski, F.M., Crepinsek, Z., Curnel, Y., Dahl, Å., Defila, C., Donnelly, A., Filella, Y., Jatczak, K., Måge, F., Mestre, A., Nordli, Ø., Peñuelas, J., Pirinen, P., Remišová, V., Scheifinger, H., Striz, M., Susnik, A., Van Vliet, A.J.H., Wielgolaski, F.-E., Zach, S. and A. Zust, 2006. European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern. Global Change Biology 12: 1969–1976.

Meresa, H. and C. Murphy, 2023. Climate change impacts on spatial and seasonal meteorological drought characteristics for the island of Ireland. International Journal of Climatology 43: 6523–6539. 

Mills, E., Roth, R.J. Jr. and E. Lecomte, 2005. Availability and affordability of insurance under climate change. A growing challenge for the U.S. Report commissioned by Ceres, 40 pp.

Mullan, D., Fealy, R. and D. Favis-Mortlock, 2012. Developing site-specific future temperature scenarios for Northern Ireland: addressing key issues employing a statistical downscaling approach. International Journal of Climatology 32: 2007–2019.

Nicolas, D., Chaalali, A., Drouineau, H., Lobry, J., Uriarte, A., Borja, A. and P. Boët, 2011. Impact of global warming on European tidal estuaries: some evidence of northward migration of estuarine fish species. Regional Environmental Change 11: 639–649.

Nicholls, N. and L. Alexander, 2007. Has the climate become more variable or extreme? Progress 1992–2006. Progress in Physical Geography 31(1): 77–87.

Nolan, P., O’Sullivan, J. and R. McGrath, 2017. 
Impacts of climate change on mid-twenty-first-century rainfall in Ireland: a high-resolution regional climate model ensemble approach. International Journal of Climatology 37: 4347-4363.

Noone, S., Murphy, C., Coll, J., Matthews, T., Mullan, D., Wilby, R.L. and S. Walsh, 2016. Homogenization and analysis of an expanded long-term monthly rainfall network for the Island of Ireland (1850 – 2010). International Journal of Climatology 36: 2837–2853.

Northern Ireland Environment Agency (2009?). The impacts of climate change on the built heritage of Northern Ireland, 14 pp.

O’Brien, L., Renzi, E., Dudley, J.M., Clancy, C. and F. Dias, 2018. Catalogue of extreme wave events in Ireland: revised and updated for 14 680 BP to 2017. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18: 729-758.

Osman-Elasha, B. and J. Parrotta, 2009 (eds).Future socio-economic impacts and vulnerabilities, in: Seppälä, R.,  Buck, A. and P. Katila (eds.), 2009. Adaptation of forests and people to climate change. A global assessment report. IUFRO World Series Volume 22, Helsinki, 224 pp.

O’Sullivan, A., 2001. Foragers, farmers and fishers in a coastal landscape: an intertidal archaeological survey of the Shannon estuary, Royal Irish Academy/The Discovery Programme, Dublin.

Pounds, J.A., Bustamante, M.R., Coloma, L.A., Consuegra, J.A., Fogden, M.P.L., Foster, P.N., La Marca, E., Masters, K.L., Merino-Viteri, A., Puschendorf, R., Ron, S.R., Sánchez-Azofeifa, G.A., Still, C.J. and B. E. Young, 2006. Widespread amphibian extinctions from epidemic disease driven by global warming. Nature 439: 161-167.

Roberts, G. (ed.), 2009. Current adaptation measures and policies, in: Seppälä, R.,  Buck, A. and P. Katila (eds.), 2009. Adaptation of forests and people to climate change. A global assessment report. IUFRO World Series Volume 22, Helsinki, 224 pp.

Rosen, J., 2017. How an ocean climate cycle favored Harvey. Science Vol 357 (Issue 6354): 853-854. 

Rounsevell, M.D.A., Ewert, F., Reginster, I., Leemans, R. and T.R. Carter, 2005. Future scenarios of European agricultural land use: II. Projecting changes in cropland and grassland. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 107 (2-3): 117-135.

Ryan, C., Curley, M., Walsh, S. and C. Murphy, 2022. Long-term trends in extreme precipitation indices in Ireland. International Journal of Climatology 42: 4040-4061. 

Salman, A., S. Lombardo and P. Doody, 2004. Living with coastal erosion in Europe: sediment and space for sustainability. Part I - Major findings and policy recommendations of the EUROSION project. Service contract B4-3301/2001/329175/MAR/B3.

Semmler, T., McGrath, R., Steele-Dunne, S., Hanafin, J., Nolan, P. and S. Wang, 2010. Influence of climate change on heating and cooling energy demand in Ireland. International Journal of Climatology 30: 1502–1511.

Straile, D. and N.C. Stenseth, 2007. The North Atlantic Oscillation and ecology: links between historical time-series, and lessons regarding future climate warming. Climate Research 34: 259-262.

Surminski, S., Aerts, J.C.J. H., Botzen, W.J.W., Hudson, P., Mysiak, J. and C.D. Pérez-Blanco, 2015. Reflections on the current debate on how to link flood insurance and disaster risk reduction in the European Union. Natural Hazards 79: 1451–1479. 

Taylor, R.G., Scanlon, B., Döll, P., Rodell, M., Van Beek, R., Wada, Y., Longuevergne, L., Leblanc, M., Famiglietti, J.S., Edmunds, M., Konikow, L., Green, T.R., Chen, J., Taniguchi, M., Bierkens, M.F.P., MacDonald, A., Fan, Y., Maxwell, R.M., Yechieli, Y., Gurdak, J.J., Allen, D.M., Shamsudduha, M., Hiscock, K., Yeh, P. J.-F., Holman, I. and H. Treidel, 2012.Ground water and climate change. Nature Climate Change.Published Online: 25 November 2012 | DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1744.

Thomas, C.D., Cameron, A., Green, R.E., Bakkenes, M., Beaumont, L.J., Collingham, Y.C., Erasmus, B.F.N., Ferreira de Siqueira, M., Grainger, A., Hannah, L., Hughes, L., Huntley, B., Van Jaarsveld, A.S., Midgley, G.F., Miles, L., Ortega-Huerta, M.A., Peterson, A.T., Phillips, O.L. and S. E. Williams, 2004. Extinction risk from climate change. Nature 427: 145-148.

Thuiller, W., Lavorel, S., Araujo, M.B., Sykes, M.T. and I.C. Prentice, 2005. Climate change threats to plant diversity in Europe. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences USA 102: 8245 - 8250.

Toner, E., 2018. Ireland slashes peat power to lower emissions. Science 362 (6420): 1222-1223.

UNDP, 2009. Climate change in Moldova. Socio-economic impact and policy options for adaptation. National Human Development Report 2009/2010: 224 pp.

UNWTO, UNEP and WHO, 2008. Climate change and tourism. Responding to global challenges. Summary, 24 pp.

Van Vliet, M.T.H., Yearsley, J.R., Ludwig, F., Vögele, S., Lettenmaier, D.P. and P. Kabat, 2012. Vulnerability of US and European electricity supply to climate change. Nature Climate Change 2: 676-681.

Vicente‐Serrano, S. M. et al., 2019. Climate, irrigation, and land cover change explain streamflow trends in countries bordering the Northeast Atlantic. Geophysical Research Letters 46, doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084084.

Vousdoukas, M.I., Voukouvalas, E., Annunziato, A., Giardino, A. and L. Feyen, 2016.  Projections of extreme storm surge levels along Europe. Climate Dynamics 47: 3171 - 3190.

Wang, S, McGrath, R., Hanafin, J., Lynch, P., Semmler, T. and P. Nolan, 2008. The impact of climate change on storm surges over Irish waters. Ocean Modelling 25: 83–94.

Ward, R.E.T., Herweijer, C., Patmore, N. and R. Muir-Wood, 2008. The role of insurers in promoting adaptation to the impacts of climate change. The Geneva Papers (33): 133–139.

Watson, C.S., White, N.J., Church, J.A., King, M.A., Burgette, R.J. and B. Legresy, 2015.  Unabated global mean sea-level rise over the satellite altimeter era. Nature Climate Change 5: 565-569.

Willis, K.J. and S.A. Bhagwat, 2009. Biodiversity and climate change. Science 326: 806 – 807.

Yi, S., Sun, W., Heki, K. and A. Qian, 2015. An increase in the rate of global mean sea level rise since 2010. Geophysical Research Letters 42: 3998-4006.